love Articles

Hungary

The Republic of Hungary is situated in the Carpathian Basin of Central Europe. The landlocked country shares its border with Austria, Slovakia in the west, Ukraine in the northeast, Romania in the east, Serbia, Croatia in the south, and Slovenia in the north. The capital of the nation is Budapest. Hungary is a member of OECD, NATO, EU and a Schengen state.

HISTORY:- Western Hungary was a part of the Roman Empire while the rest of the Hungarian territory was captured by the Germanic and Asiatic peoples. The Magyars invaded the region around 896. Mongol invasion in 1241 left with a devastating result on the inhabitants. Hungary reached its pinnacle during the reign of Louis I the Great from 1342 to 1382. The Turks-Hungary war broke out in 1389 and in 1526 the Turks destroyed the armed forces of Hungary. To escape Turks occupation, western and northern Hungary embraced the Hapsburg rule. But the war against the Turks continued until 1699 when a peace treaty had been signed. After 1848 revolt Hapsburg rule was ended and Austria-Hungary monarchy was started. But the dual power was defeated in the World War I, and the monarchy was overthrown. In 1918, Hungarian Soviet Republic was declared. In the World War II, Hungary joined with the Allies. At the end of the war, Germany occupied the land and established a puppet government. The German era was replaced by the Soviet era in 1944. Hungary became a People's Republic and transformed into the one-party state in 1949. In 1989, with a new constitution, multi-party system is adopted. Soviet army left the land in 1991, thereby ending 47 years of military rule.

GEOGRAPHY:- Hungary is located at 47 00 N, 20 00 E in Central Europe. The nation possesses total 93,030 sq km area on the surface of the world in which 92,340 sq km area is captured by land and 690 sq km area is captured by internal water bases. It is a landlocked country. The lowest point is Tisza River (78 m) and the highest point is Kekes (1,014 m). Hungary is mainly flat to rolling plains. The Slovakian border is hills and low mountainous. The country is divided by the Danube.

CLIMATE:- The climate of Hungary is mostly temperate with cold, cloudy, humid winters and warm summers.

GOVERNMENT:- Hungary is parliamentary democratic nation. The constitution was adopted on 18th August 1949 and was imposed on 20th August 1949. The legal system is based on the German-Austrian legal system. The three major branches of the government are:

Executive branch comprises the President (chief of state), the Prime minister (head of government), and the cabinet. The President is elected by the National Assembly on a 5-year term. The Prime minister is elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president. Cabinet ministers are appointed by the president.

Legislative branch comprises the unicameral National Assembly (386 seats).

Judicial branch comprises the Constitutional Court.

Prominent political parties include Fidesz-Hungarian Civic Party, Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP), Alliance of Free Democrats (SZDSZ), Hungarian Democratic Forum (MDF), Christian Democratic People’s Party (KDNP). Suffrage is universal at the age of 18.

President László Sólyom

Prime minister Ferenc Gyurcsány

ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS:- Hungary is divided into 19 counties, 23 urban counties and 1 capital city. The counties are further sub-divided into 173 sub-regions.

CULTURE:- Hungary is very rich in folk music. Hungary is the abode of the largest synagogue in Europe, the largest medicinal bath in Europe, the third largest church in Europe, the second largest territorial abbey in the world, the second largest Baroque castle in the world, and the largest Early Christian Necropolis. Spa culture is an important trait of Hungarian culture. Goulash is the world famous Hungarian dish. Football, swimming, water polo are widely practiced. Ugrós, Karikázó, and Csárdás are famous folk dance forms.

ECONOMY:- Hungary has a strong market economy. The private sector of the Hungarian economy provides almost more than 80% of the total GDP.

GDP/PPP (2007 est.): $194.2 billion; per capita $19,500.

Real growth rate: 2.1%.

Inflation: 7.8%.

Unemployment: 7.1%.

Arable land: 50%.

Agriculture: Wheat, corn, sunflower seed, potatoes, sugar beets; pigs, cattle, poultry, dairy products.

Labor force: 4.19 million; agriculture 5.5%, industry 33.3%, services 61.2% (2003).

Industries: Mining, metallurgy, construction materials, processed foods, textiles, chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals), motor vehicles.

Budget:

Revenues: $63.97 billion

Expenditures: $71.69 billion (2007 est.)

Public debt: 67% of GDP (2007 est.)

Debt - external: $125.9 billion (31 December 2007)

Natural resources: Bauxite, coal, natural gas, fertile soils, arable land.

Exports: $85.73 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.): machinery and equipment 61.1%, other manufactures 28.7%, food products 6.5%, raw materials 2%, fuels and electricity 1.6% (2003).

Imports: $85.99 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.): machinery and equipment 51.6%, other manufactures 35.7%, fuels and electricity 7.7%, food products 3.1%, raw materials 2.0% (2003).

Major trading partners: Germany, Austria, France, Italy, UK, Romania, Poland, Russia, Netherlands (2006).

Monetary unit: Forint

LANGUAGE:- The official language of Hungary is Hungarian spoken by 93.6% of the population.

Other or unspecified 6.4% (2001 census)

CITIES:- The capital and the largest city is Budapest. Other major cities are Debrecen, Miskolc, Szeged, Pecs.

POPULATION:- The estimated population of Hungary is 9,956,108 with growth rate of –0.3%.

Density per sq mi: 279

Literacy rate: 99% (2003 est.)

RACE:-

Hungarian 92.3%

Roma 1.9%

Other or unknown 5.8% (2001)

RELIGION:-

Roman Catholic 51.9%

Calvinist 15.9%

Lutheran 3%

Greek Catholic 2.6%

Other Christian 1%

Other or unspecified 11.1%

Unaffiliated 14.5% (2001)

HEALTH:-

Birth rate: 9.59 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Death rate: 12.99 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Infant mortality rate: total: 8.03 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth: total population: 73.18 years

Total fertility rate: 1.34 children born/woman (2008 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths: fewer than 100 (2001 est.)

Total expenditure on health per capita (Intl $, 2005): 1,329

UNICEF:- UNICEF focuses in Hungary in child education, nutrition, and protection of child rights.

TRANSPORTATION:-

Railways: total: 8,057 km (2006).

Highways: total: 159,568 km; paved: 70,050 km (including 533 km of expressways); unpaved: 89,518 km (2006).

Waterways: 1,622 km (most on Danube River) (2007).

Ports and harbors: Budapest, Dunaujvaros, Gyor-Gonyu, Csepel, Baja, Mohacs (2003). Airports: 46 (2007).

Other love articles


hit parad, from jan, cnet news, your server, service attacks, web site
Worldbizprofiles.com Worldbizprofiles
Air conditioning, click here, press release heating, ventilation, steam boilers

1

Explore the Worldviewer.com Network Sites